土库曼天然气管道的工业环状交换机ROSENS将工业以太网带入了沙漠

在夏季+40°C，冬季-20°C的卡拉库沙漠里的土库曼，光纤网已开通，这样MICROSENS的工业以太网产品也在这一地区被使用。这个例子表明，工业以太网远不止是办公自动化。以太网作为全球唯一标准的协议，正在逐渐被运用到越来越多的领域。

Industrial Ethernet is not just a buzzword but rather a term for the use of Ethernet components with high reliability in tough conditions. Classical field-bus systems have long been on the way out. On one hand, the Ethernet solutions can be realised considerably more efficiently, and on the other, the merging with corporate networks that use Ethernet anyway is being pushed.

工业以太网不只是一个口号，而是在恶劣的环境下以太网组件高可靠性的代名词。传统现场总线系统早已过时。一方面，以太网解决方案的实现更为高效。在另一方面，MICROSENS正在推进与其他使用以太网的企业网络的合并。

Furthermore, industrial Ethernet is the only global communication standard for the management and control of production processes. Existing proprietary standards tended to serve as protection for manufacturers of communication equipment and to tie the user to the respective company. Among others, this is also a reason why many efforts to establish a uniform industry standard have not been successful. Only Ethernet facilitates the combination of components from different manufacturers.

此外，工业以太网是管理和控制生产流程的全球唯一通讯标准。现有的专有标准往往倾向于保护通信设备制造商，并把用户绑定到所属公司。另外，这也是下面问题的合理解释，即人们为建立一个统一的行业标准付出了艰辛劳动，可最终一无所获。只有以太网便于来自不同厂家的产品的组合。

Industrial Ethernet incorporates switches, hubs and media converters that are characterised by a special design. Attachment to 35 mm DIN top-hat rails, a power supply with 24 V direct current, an enhanced temperature range for operations and an increased protection class against dust or splash-water are typical of these appliances.

标准化组成元件

工业以太网的集成交换机、集线器和媒体转换器都是特别设计的。35 mm DIN 顶帽子铁，24 V直流电源，较大的作业温差，增强防尘或防溅水之类的设备都是它里面的典型应用。

Furthermore, some components have special provisions for failure safety. In addition to the connection of redundant power supplies, special power supplies support fault-tolerant ring topologies, meaning that a disruption can be restricted to a maximum of one switch. If a connection line fails, the network can even continue to work entirely on its own. To facilitate rapid reaction times, fault recognition is usually carried out by newly developed mechanisms. Irrespective of this, the user can still resort to standards such as Rapid Spanning Tree.

此外，有些组成元件有专门的针对安全问题的特殊设备。除了连接冗余电源外，还可以连接支持容错环状拓扑的特殊电源，即可中断其中任何一个交换机。如果一条连接线失败，整个网络依然可以继续工作。为了方便快速识别错误，故障识别通常采用新机制。除这些外，用户还可以采取其他途径，如快速生成树。

In the area of industrial networking, an intelligent combination of copper and fibre optic segments has prevailed on the market. On one hand, classical copper cables are used for the cost-effective connection of terminals such as machine controls, industry PCs, signalisation or monitoring systems to the network. On the other hand, fibre optics have established themselves for the connection between the switches, thanks to their favourable transmission features.

光缆超过铜缆

在工业网络领域，铜缆和光缆的智能结合在市场上已很普遍。一方面，人们使用传统铜缆是基于连接终端诸如机器控制，工控机，信号发送或监测系统等和网络的连接成本考虑的。另一方面，由于光纤良好的传输特性，这样交换机之间的连接更迅速。

When Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet is used, the same transmission speeds are realised on copper and fibre optic cables. However, the advantages of fibre optic lie in its insensitivity to electro-magnetic disruptive influences, in the greater transmission distances that can be realised and the simple handling for installation and routing.

当采用快速以太网或千兆以太网时，铜缆和光缆具有相同的传输速度。然而，光纤的优势在于它不受电磁干扰的影响，可进行更长距离的传输以及它简易的安装和路由。